Critical infrastructure

Industrial Control Systems (ICS) and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) environments are facing increasing exposure to the internet, giving nefarious...

Industrial Control System (ICS)-embedded architectures differ from standard enterprise systems. ICS are interconnected, like enterprise systems, but the core...

In January 2020, industrial cybersecurity firm Dragos released the North American Electric Cyber Threat Perspective, referred to as the Dragos report. This...

Modbus is a serial communication protocol developed by Gould-Modicon systems (now Schneider Electric) in 1979 for integrating and using it with PLCs (Programmable...

RS-232 and RS-485 both belong to the serial interface family. A serial interface is a communication interface in which data is transmitted bit by bit. A high...

BACnet stands for “Building Automation and Control Networks.” As the name suggests, BACnet is used for communication in building automation and control...

Telecontrol Application Service Element (TASE) 2.0 is also known as Inter Control Center Protocol (ICCP) or International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)...

Industrial Control Systems (ICS) are different from conventional IT systems. ICS typically source data from remote sensors and transmit commands to machines...

Foundation Fieldbus was designed to replace analog connections in the refining, petrochemical and nuclear industries. It was first proposed in 1984 and standardized...

Industrial Control Systems (ICS) are part of the Supervisory Control and data acquisition environments. These systems are responsible for the infrastructure...